About Erikson Stages
Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development,first published in 1950,described psychological development theory eight stages that an individual must go through to be healthy. Each stage is characterized by a crisis that either causes or destroys personality. The theory is based off Freud’s psychosexual stages,and includes influences from social. While it has been criticized for its generalizations of the world,it is still an important part of the psychological process. It has also been useful in reframing how we see the middle and later adulthood as active times of personal development,rather than an opportunity to survive.
The infancy stage,the first,spans from birth to about 18 months. At this time infancy,infants are completely dependent on the caregiver. They build trust by watching their caregivers’ reactions to their needs,including feeding or comforting. The treatment they receive at this stage has long-lasting implications for their sense of security and confidence in themselves.
The toddlerhood stage is the second in Erikson’s psychosocial development theory that occurs between the ages of 18 months and 2 years. The child begins to develop their self-confidence during this phase,and the success or failure of this process can have a significant impact on their growth and development as well as their personality. If a child is unable overcome feelings of fear or guilt during this period,they’ll remain in a battle with these feelings throughout their lives. If children are able to successfully complete this stage and develop a deep bond,they will be able to form meaningful relationships in later years.
The third step of Erikson’s theories is preschool that takes place between the age of 3 and 5. Children in this age group are gaining the ability to relate to other people and develop a strong sense of self-belief. This is the stage when teachers and parents should concentrate on encouraging and positive relationships with their children. Positive interactions aid in nurture the child’s independence,while providing guidance and support for their efforts. Negative behavior,like negativity and criticism can damage the self-esteem of a child.
The fourth step in Erikson’s theory is elementary school,which takes place between the ages of 6 and 12. It is at this point that children begin to feel pressured by being accepted by other people including teachers and peers. It is at this stage that children begin to gain a sense of industry or their ability work hard toward goals and achievements. Teachers who praise and encourage their students will assist them to achieve a sense competence and confidence,and they will not find it necessary to assess their capabilities against others.
At the age of middle-age the majority of people think about their mortality. People may be feeling regrets about actions they’ve accomplished or didn’t do. If a person can overcome the challenges of this stage will likely have a fulfilling and rich retirement. If they do not resolve these issues,they could face an emotional crisis in midlife that could cause grave mental health issues.